11 July 2008

Rigoberta Menchu

After reading "I, Rigoberta Menchu," I wondered about Menchu's life now. So I did a goggle search on her name. Granted I wasn't looking for anything specific and thought I would probably only find information about this book. I was surprised to read she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992. But what shocked me the most was the following story: (Now I grasp Amanda's question about how trustworthy I found Menchu)

"Fraudulent Storyteller Still Praised by Dinesh D’Souza" http://www.boundless.org/1999/departments/isms/a0000074.html

"I confess to having been mildly embarrassed when Rigoberta Menchu, Guatemalan political activist and author of I, Rigoberta Menchu, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992. The Chronicle of Higher Education called the very day her prize was announced and reminded me that in my book Illiberal Education the year before, I had harshly criticized Menchu’s autobiography as a sadly typical example of the bogus multi-cultural agitprop that was displacing the Western classics on the reading lists for undergraduates at elite universities like Stanford.

“Now that Rigoberta has won the Nobel Prize,” the reporter asked, “what is your reaction?”

“All I can say,” I replied, “is that I am relieved she didn’t win for literature.”

For Rigoberta, the Nobel Prize proved to be a canonization in both senses of the term. This obscure Indian woman who published her 1983 autobiography when she was still in her mid ‘20s, suddenly received worldwide recognition as a leftist icon — a modern-day Saint Sebastian, pierced by the arrows of racist discrimination and colonial exploitation. She received several honorary doctorates and in 1992 was nominated as a United Nations goodwill ambassador and special representative of indigenous peoples. Her book, haled as a first-person account of Guatemalan bigotry and brutality against native Indians, spread from cutting-edge curricula like Stanford’s to become part of the canon of required and frequently assigned readings in high schools and universities around the globe.

Then, just last week, the New York Times revealed that much of I, Rigoberta Menchu is a fabrication. Times reporter Larry Rohter corroborated the research of an American anthropologist, David Stoll, whose interview with over a hundred people and archival research during the past decade led him to conclude that Rigoberta’s story “cannot be the eyewitness account it purports to be.”

For example, in one of the most moving scenes in the book, Rigoberta describes how she watched her brother Nicolas die of malnutrition. But the New York Times found Nicolas alive and well enough to be running a relatively prosperous homestead in a Guatemalan village. According to members of Rigoberta’s own family, as well as residents of her village, she also fabricated her account of how a second brother was burned alive by army troops as her parents were forced to watch..."

With this revelation how do you feel about the book? How much of the content do you believe? Do you feel victimized by Menchu's conscious deception? While her personal life stories have been proven false, do you think her stories reflect the general treatment of women and Indians in Guatemala?

Why did she feel the need to falsify her life story, surely there we true accounts she could have told. In her own words (I, Rigoberta Menchu, pg 1)"This is my testimony. I didn't learn it from a book and I didn't learn it alone. I'd like to stress that it's not only my life, it's also the testimony of my people."

Wordnet defines testimony as: "# S: (n) testimony (a solemn statement made under oath)
# S: (n) testimony (an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact) "according to his own testimony he can't do it"
# S: (n) testimony, testimonial (something that serves as evidence) "his effort was testimony to his devotion"

My initial thoughts about this book are now warped. While I believe the struggles the Indians endured, I would have rather had an accurate account. As the article concludes with the following: "Rigoberta Menchu has all along been a willing and crafty accomplice in this cultural transaction. With extraordinary canniness, she presented herself in her autobiography as the consummate victim, a quadruple victim of oppression. She is a person of color, and thus a victim of racism. She is a woman, and thus a victim of sexism. She is a Latin American, and thus a victim of European and North American colonialism. She is an Indian, and thus victimized by the Latino ruling class of Latin America." How do you feel about her canniness?

5 comments:

Anonymous said...

Wow! I'm really shocked at this. I can't believe that a lot of this book was false. I feel a little betrayed in a way. I guess when I sat down to read an autobiography about a woman who endured so much and was trying to make a change in the world wouldn't make up things. I think what I am most shocked about, if this article is true, is that the stories of how her brothers died were false. Especially since they supposedly found the one who "died from malnutrition" is now still alive and well. I feel very left down by the book now. Even though a lot of the stories were hard to read and very saddening, I really hate that the story was made up. After learning this I'm finding it hard to believe anything that she wrote. Thanks Lydia for finding that article, my thoughts on the book are a lot different now.

akb said...

Lydia -- great post, and really interesting article. This is an extremely complicated issue, and unfortunately, in our short class, I didn't think we had enough time to read criticisms of her work. But yes, this was my motivation in asking the question.

That being said, you might wonder -- if I knew this, why did I have you read it?

Precisely because of the complications. Remember when this was an issue on Oprah? The book there was "A Million Little Pieces" by James Frey. But let's consider this personally: do we always tell completely truthful stories about our own lives? CAN we even tell such things? This is true in the simplest of cases, with issues/problems of memory, and vastly more difficult with emotional issues.

Another question to consider is the motivation and purpose of the story. How much "stretching" or fabrication can we allow when trying to make an emotional plea to readers? _Hotel Rwanda_ is a terribly gripping, heart-wrenching film. It is based on true accounts, but it is a Hollywood production. So, all stories are likely not 100% true. Does this mean the movie should not have been made?

Is this issue a problem of truth and lies, or a problem of genre labels? We expect that a memoir, biography, or autobiography should be true; but is this a fair expectation?

Anonymous said...

Amanda, I read A Million Little Pieces. It was after the whole scandal happened with Oprah had already happened. But I read the book knowing that some of it was fabricated. It was still a good book and I know that some of the things that he went through did happen. The only thing I wish is that books that make up some of their content, especially ones as graphic as A Million Little Pieces and Rigoberta Menchue, had some sort of side note because I always wonder what things are real and what things have been made up. Even though I enjoyed both books, I still felt a little dissapointed.

Anonymous said...

I guess it comes to trust in the information we read. If we can't trust where does this leave us? How can we come together if we don't have a solid foundation? Granted this is a short class and we don't have the time to discussion this issue, but getting back to feminism and equality - when do we decide false information is acceptable and we disregard truth and trust? How many have been turned away from helping because they can't trust the words from those they have come to admire and follow? Too many questions, many we have about our own political parties and special interest groups. We make information and stats fit our message or ideas. How do we overcome this and unite for the better good? There are those silent voices fighting for equality maybe we should find the truth ourselves.

In our class, several of you have shared stories about working/visiting other cultures. I commend you on your steps to find answers. From this experience, I think I have found my path. While "I, Rigoberta Menchu" is not all true, doesn't mean the plight of the Indians is not true. Seek the truth and we will find our own way.

Definitely a lesson learned to seek more information and ask questions.

krutika said...

WOW! who knew...makes me wonder about everything else I read. You have a curious mind Lydia, but thanks for researching this!